Assess the difficulties confronting Americas response to the attacks Essay

Assess the difficulties confronting Americas response to the attacks of 11th September 2001 - Essay Example To safeguard people’s interests, new strategies and plans were required to be developed and enforced. Laws needed to be framed to make Americans feel safe emotionally, physically and politically. Therefore, the US Patriotic Act was amended and renamed ‘USA Patriot and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act’. It was made more stringent and extra statutes included with wide ranging terrorists relating offences like deliberate and destructive activity against the state or its people resulting in loss of life or property, money laundering, surveillance and detention of people under suspect of terrorist activities etc. with capital punishment introduced. While such stringent measures are incorporated in the constitution, implementation is increasingly becoming tougher because of the multicultural fabric of the society in America. It is very important to understand the motivations behind the terrorism when engaged in counterterrorism efforts, mainly because today the terrorism has become high tech and spread globally, infiltrating the society to the extent that if not handled with cautious and premeditated techniques and strategies, involving the in-depth analysis of the socio-psychological background of the terrorist, it would be extremely difficult to take effective steps to countermand their intended actions, targeting the innocents and holding them to ransom. The general motives of the terrorists in this country and abroad involve coercive tactics and unlawful intimidation of the government bodies to force the government to accede to their vested interest regarding political, ideological or religious demands. Terrorists are people or individuals who commit intended violence against the innocents with the sole intention of harming the public and destroying the property in order to make them meet their vested political goals and religious fanatics’ demands. â€Å"For our terrorist enemies,

Red badge of courige Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Red badge of courige - Essay Example As in "Hey, wouldn’t it be funny if we all just ran away?" Shortly before his first battle, he sees his first dead body, a gruesome corpse. They entirely appear as the ideal definition of intrepid men, something that makes Henry feel terrible about his trepidation. We are introduced to two men, Jim Conklin "the Tall Soldier" and Wilson "the Loud Soldier." Wilson who is afraid that death will befall him during battle, hands Henry an envelope of mail to deliver after the war. The men finally set out. Even though they are heading into combat, there are oodles of jokes. One guy even attempts to pilfer a horse from a farm and a young girl succeeds in having it back. As the war breaks out, Henry survives, but when the second round of cantankerous fighting begins he is horrified and goes for the hills. This to him was more of a survival instinct after intense thought. Henry comes across a group of wounded men leaving as he heads towards battlefront. He wishes he too had a red badge of courage when he saw their bloody injuries. A tattered and wounded soldier, taunts Henry by asking where his injury is injury is. This gets our â€Å"hero† very nervous and uncomfortable because the turn of events would make him be branded a deserter. Jim Conklin then dies a rather atrocious death before him. Henry takes off and is bonked on the head with a rifle butt by a pretty freaked out colleague in the army only for him to end up back to his 304th company. Due to the confusion which resulted in separation of everyone in the battle no one accuses Henry of desertion. His head injury further makes his colleagues assume a slug grazed him. Yet another war breaks out for which Henry is prepared. He puts up formidable resistance and battles wildly which earns him praise from the lieutenant. Suddenly someone yells, "Here they come!" And sure enough, the Confederates rush at Henry’s group of soldiers. Henry

Discuss supreme court case Korematsu v. United States (1944) Essay

Discuss supreme court case Korematsu v. United States (1944) - Essay Example This was quite an irrational decision because there was no evidence that these individuals were a threat to the national security of US. Walter Lippmann a well renowned columnist stated that no individual is allowed to conduct business and no individual has a right to obtain residence during a war. During the month of February of 1942, the president of US, Roosevelt accepted and signed the Executive Order 9066 (Niiya, 1993, p.16). This order provided the secretary of war with the authority to recognize certain areas as war zones and due to this label the people living in that area may be removed and restrictions of travelling within that area were even applied. Later, the in charge of the Western Defense Command labeled the entire region of the Pacific Coast as area of military due to its higher probability of being attacked (Bangarth, 2008, p.22). This led to implementation of curfews after which Japanese Americans were initially restricted to leave the area and later evacuated from the region. Later these individuals were held in prison camps because it was believed that all Japanese Americans are traitors. These actions taken by the US government were challenged in the case of Korematsu v. United States (1944) and the outcome of this case was that although the justices of t his case accepted that it was necessary for the military to relocate the Japanese Americans and the court accepted the decision taken by the government to detain Korematsu (Polenberg, 2000, p.197). The court legalized the actions taken by the government because the court believed that the action was taken as US was at war with Japan and it was correct to believe that Japanese American could involve in sabotage. The decision taken by the court during this case was quite significant in nature as the decision clearly stated that the government of US had the right to take any action such as evacuating people from their areas on racial basis. The decision even clearly stated that wartime

Tokugawa shoguns and political control established in the seventeenth Essay

Tokugawa shoguns and political control established in the seventeenth century - Essay Example e ironic KantÃ…  region he sustained 2.5 million koku of property, a novel control center at Edo, a tactically positioned stronghold civic (the future Tokyo), and likewise consumed an supplementary two million koku of land and thirty eight vassals underneath his rheostat. Subsequent to Hideyoshis demise, Ieyasu moved rapidly to grab control from the Toyotomi family. Ieyasus triumph above the western daimyo at the Battle of Sekigahara (21st October, 1600, or in the traditional Japanese calendar the inscribed day was the fifteenth day of the five year tenure in the (KeichÃ…  era) provided him effective mechanism of all Japan. He speedily eliminated abundant adversary daimyo families, abridged others, such as that of the Toyotomi, and restructured the plunders of the conflict to his intimates and allies. Ieyasu even up till now miscarried to accomplish comprehensive control of the western daimyo, but his postulation of the name of shogun assisted unite the coalition system. Subsequently consolidating his supremacy vile, Ieyasu mounted his son Hidetada (1579–1632) as shogun and himself as discharged shogun in late 1605. The Toyotomi still remained a substantial danger, and Ieyasu dedicated the next ten years to their extermination. In early 1615, the Toyotomi stronghold at Osaka was destroyed by the Tokugawa army. The Tokugawa (Edo) era fetched two hundred and fifty years of solidity to Japan. The political arrangement grew into what historians testify as bakuhan, a mixture of the expressions bakufu and han (domains) to designate the government and culture of the passà ©. In the bakuhan, the shogun had nationwide power and the daimyo had district power. This signified a innovative harmony in the medieval arrangement, which presented a progressively big establishment to control the combination of national and decentralized establishments. The Tokugawa became extra influential thru their first century of rule: land relocation provided them near seven million koku,

Can freedom of speech, as an absolute right, be defended on Research Paper

Can freedom of speech, as an absolute right, be defended on utilitarian terms If not, can Ronald Dworkin defend it as a 'fundam - Research Paper Example ..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Abstract This paper concentrates on the notion of freedom of speech and how its functioning has been elucidated in a synchronized manner. The paper also entails the analysis of how freedom of speech as an absolute right can be defended on the utilitarian ground. The last part deals with the critical evaluation of how the famous liberal scholar, Ronald Dworkin, defended the freedom of speech as a fundamental human right and how far he is able to achieve his goal. The general intellection of almost all philosophers today is that human beings with the virtue of their nature possess moral rights in terms of both special rights (for example, the right of a creditor to collect his money from debtor) and general rights. According to the majority of the philosophers, the general notion of belief is that there is compatibility between utilitarianism and moral rights. For instance, the famous British philosopher John Stuart Mill, wh ose contribution is immense in the field of philosophy, perceives a congruency between utilitarianism and moral rights. ... 1. Utilitarianism In order to understand the interaction between utilitarianism and moral rights, it is necessary to define utilitarianism at first. According to John Stuart Mill, â€Å"the utilitarian approach is that happiness is desirable, and the only thing, desirable as an end; all other things being desirable as means to that end.† In support of this he has also mentioned: â€Å"If so, happiness is the sole end of human action, and the promotion of it is the test by which to judge of all human conduct, from whence it necessarily follows that it must be the criterion of morality, since a part is included in the whole† (Brandt 1992, pp.197-198). The concept of utilitarianism was ushered in the 19th century by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill to help the legislative units frame different laws which are morally optimal. In the utilitarian approach, firstly various courses of action are identified. After that the entities to be possibly affected by each action and w hat benefits or harms will be caused by each action need to be evaluated. Lastly, a certain action is chosen to produce the greatest benefits and least harm (Velasquez et al., 2010). 2. Freedom of speech as an absolute right and utilitarianism Freedom of speech is invariably represented as a fundamental right by written Constitution and bills against state suppression and regulation. Freedom of speech is an important concept. The prime function of the freedom of speech is a representative range of views. These views are mainly responsible for the decision making processes at all levels in a societal structure. These are the prime functions of freedom of speech. Implementation of a decision is deemed to be successful when it is done after ample

John F. Kennedy, the Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

John F. Kennedy, the Film - Essay Example Kennedy. Overtime, there have been numerous theories and wild speculation as to what and who was really behind the events of that fateful day. Some of these are brought out in Oliver Stone’s 1991 film, JFK. In this movie, the producer outlines some of the events following the infamous assassination through his eyes. It is a film that has been met with a great deal of criticism, with critics dismissing Oliver as a conspiracy peddler. This essay examines some of the controversy surrounding the movie and outlines the criticisms advanced against it. In the film, the primary theory advanced by Oliver Stone is that the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, did not act alone. Following the murder of John Kennedy, there were brisk investigations into the occurrence. Earl Warren, the then Supreme Court Justice presided over the hearings. In the end, the commission drew the conclusion that Lee Oswald did, in fact carry out the assassination by himself (Knight, 62). For this reason, it does not c ome as a surprise that there is controversy surrounding the suggestion by Oliver Stone that Lee Oswald was just a pawn in the plot to assassinate the president. In the movie, Oliver Stone brings out the conspiracy angle, arguing that there were many people that wanted to see the president dead, including the Mafia, the next president, Lyndon Baines Johnson, and the CIA (Stone â€Å"JFK).

The Evolution of Voice Recognition Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of Voice Recognition Essay Aw the Dictaphone! What an extraordinary invention. This device has been used to record spoken notes of medical professionals to be transcribed at a later date for over a century. The Dictaphone has truly been an icon in the health care industry and will be missed. Since its invention health care has underwent so many changes and introduced so many technological advances. To follow suit the way in which medical notes are recorded and stored must too undergo change. And so it did. There has been skepticism along the way however, voice or speech recognition is beginning to be more accepted and widely used in the health care field. Voice recognition software was developed to produce text from spoken words. Instead of typing the words a computer user only needed to talk to the computer, and the text is typed by a program which is integrated into the software. Voice recognition was being experimented with by the government agencies for over six decades however, did not become reality in the public until the last two decades of the 20th century. This new technology allowed the user to enter comments or commands without keyboard functions or a mouse. This was truly hands free (Parente, Kock, Sonsini, 2004). The mid 1990s finally brought the induction of voice recognition into the health care industry. Many doctors feared the use of this new technology and others disbelieved the capabilities which prevented them from using the system. The vocabulary of the technology lacked the sophistication which would be required for its purpose. This program required the user to adapt to its capabilities instead of the program adapting to the user; this was backward to how the program would ideally work. Having a cold or an accent made the technology quite difficult to use. Computers were slower at processing information during this time in technological history; this made the problem worse. With the early version of voice recognition it was sometimes hard to tell the difference â€Å"between background noise and the user’s speech† and the technology was much less than cost effective. The system generally started at â€Å"$27,000 per workstation† (Parente et al. , 2004, Historical Development of Speech-Recognition Technology, para 6). The voice recognition system would be improved upon and become an important part of the technology used in hospitals today. A wider understanding of medical vocabulary would be important for doctors to hold any faith in the system. Improvements were indeed made over time. †Accuracy rates rose dramatically, and doctors were no longer struggling for the right words for the system to understand and record. Newer systems even provided each user with an opportunity to teach the computer to understand† the way that he or she speaks (Parente et al. , 2004, Historical Development of Speech-Recognition Technology, para 7). According to Business Source (2006), many hospitals are now using voice recognition technology with ease and finding the system quite dependable. Though expensive, using this â€Å"technology to replace transcription can lead to savings of over $10,000 a year. Thus, adopting voice recognition solutions can eliminate the need for in-house transcription staff, resulting in huge cost reduction† (para 3). The voice recognition technology has many functional uses; they â€Å"include transcription, patient monitoring, interactive response systems, telemedicine as well as electronic health record generation, maintenance and security† (Business Source, 2006 para 2). Though one must always be sure that patient privacy is protected, Wager, Lee, Glaser (2005) describes voice recognition, as a â€Å"method used in health care† which can best be used in â€Å"work environments where using a keyboard, mouse, or touch screen is not practical. † The newer systems are capable of understanding the speech of the user and how he or she applies the voice, through tone, pitch, and pattern; then this â€Å"is converted to computer-readable data† (Wager, et al. , 2005, p. 220). The voice recognition does not come totally without disadvantages. The disadvantage of these systems is the time it takes to train the computer to recognize the speech. This is a particular challenge in an area with many users. Higher-end systems are designed to understand any person’s speech, but most of these systems have fairly limited built-in vocabularies. Most would agree that speech recognition is still under development and its use is most likely in certain segments of health care, such as radiology, pathology, and emergency medicine. However, it does have the potential to be used with many other types of health care applications (Wager, et al. , 2005, p. 220). The use of voice recognition systems also requires the user to be aware of his or her surroundings. One must take precautions to restrict use to areas which are not accessible to the public, as the voice may carry and patient information may be heard by wandering ears. Depending on the information this could be harmful to the patient (information used may lead to identity theft if overheard) and violate confidentiality laws.